# Sources Used And Research Registry

This file has two deliberately separate levels:

1. Sources actually used in the current build.
2. Candidate online research sources for future DB-era interrogation and manual review.

The first level is evidentiary. The second level is a research registry only: candidate sources listed later in this file do not create, move, date, or rename atlas records until a human-reviewed evidence item is created and linked to a disposition.

## Source Classification Used In The Atlas

Every row in `data/sources.json` now has source metadata used by both the public atlas and admin:

- `source_family`: internal curation family, e.g. primary epigraphy, primary documentary, Notitia, archaeology, scholarly synthesis, tertiary web/discovery, gazetteer, geographic dataset, or curation work.
- `source_quality`: practical authority level, e.g. primary, specialist, scholarly, tertiary, gazetteer, public dataset, or curation.
- `source_scope`: what the atlas uses it for, e.g. military evidence, place normalization, basemap/display geometry, contextual reference, or source discovery.
- `source_caution`: a short warning that prevents a source from being overread.

The public map source filters are derived from the linked evidence and source. `Source basis` is the authority-level view:

- `Primary Sources`
- `Secondary Sources`
- `Notitia Dignitatum`
- `Other / Curation`

`Source domain` is the resource/evidence-type view:

- `Epigraphy / Diplomas`
- `Papyrology / Documents`
- `Archaeology / Site Records`
- `Ancient Texts`
- `Notitia`
- `Scholarly Synthesis`
- `Tertiary / Discovery`
- `Gazetteers / Place Data`
- `Geographic / Display Data`
- `Curation / Manual`

That means DARE and Pleiades normally support place normalization rather than appearing as military-disposition proof. Notitia is integrated into the same atlas, but it remains a separate public basis/domain because its records are late-antique, static, textually complex, and retain separate reconciliation/staging tables. The detailed source family, quality, scope, and caution fields remain visible where they matter: admin editing, validation, source details, citations, and future research tooling.

The local SQLite DB also has a unified `source_catalog`. It links sources already used in `data/sources.json` to future lookup resources in `data/source_research_targets.json`. Catalog resources that are target-only, such as CIL/ACE, EDCS, EDH, EDR, HEpOl, WallGIS, or general web discovery, are visible to admin/research tooling but do not appear in public map filtering until accepted evidence uses them.

## Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire

- Contribution: ancient place normalization, DARE IDs, point geometry, public DARE live raster basemap, public DARE-derived vector basemap, full basemap legend text, and cached legend symbol icons.
- Files: `data/places.json`, `data/import_cache/dare-anchor-places.json`, `assets/dare-raster-style.json`, `assets/dare-style.json`, `src/dare-legend.js`, `assets/dare-icons/`.
- Link: https://imperium.ahlfeldt.se/
- API notes: https://imperium.ahlfeldt.se/print.php?doc=info_api
- Live atlas legend: https://imperium.ahlfeldt.se/info_legend.php?arg=1
- License: CC BY-SA 3.0.

DARE is used for geography, not as independent proof of military deployment. Imported DARE fort, fortress, and station records are anchor candidates for low-confidence schematic markers only.

## Interface Assets

- Wikimedia Commons, "Flag of the Roman Empire with Eagle (3-2).svg" by OttavianoUrsu, CC BY-SA 4.0.
- Contribution: small masthead aquila mark cached as `assets/aquila-mark.svg`.
- Link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Roman_Empire_with_Eagle_(3-2).svg
- Wikimedia Commons, "Better Imperial Aquila.png" by Mattia332, public domain mark / public domain notice on Commons.
- Contribution: favicon source cached as `assets/favicon-source.png`, cropped and resized to `assets/favicon.png`.
- Link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Better_Imperial_Aquila.png

## General Military History References

- Britannica, "legion": https://www.britannica.com/topic/legion
- World History Encyclopedia, "Roman Legionary": https://www.worldhistory.org/Roman_Legionary/
- Livius, "Auxiliaries": https://www.livius.org/articles/legion/auxiliaries/
- Roman-Empire.net, "The Auxilia": https://roman-empire.net/army/auxilia/
- Wikipedia, "Roman legion": https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_legion
- Wikipedia, "Imperial Roman army": https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Roman_army

Contribution: general role, organization, periodization, and equipment context for generated unit-history text. These sources do not assign exact dispositions in the atlas. Wikipedia is used here as tertiary orientation for broad army structure and equipment terms only; it does not create or move map records.

## Praetorian Guard / Castra Praetoria

- Platner and Ashby, *A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome*, "Castra Praetoria": https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Castra_Praetoria.html
- Britannica, "Praetorian Guard": https://www.britannica.com/topic/Praetorian-Guard
- World History Encyclopedia, "Praetorian Guard": https://www.worldhistory.org/Praetorian_Guard/
- Britannica, "Battle of the Milvian Bridge": https://www.britannica.com/topic/Battle-of-the-Milvian-Bridge
- Wikidata, "Castra Praetoria (Q1049836)": https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049836

Contribution: exact-site marker and unit record for the Praetorian Guard at the Castra Praetoria in Rome. Platner-Ashby is the display evidence for the barracks, construction under Tiberius/Sejanus, topography, and Constantinian dismantling. Britannica and World History Encyclopedia are used for the expanded unit history, including Augustan foundation, political role, Severan reorganization, and dissolution in 312 CE. Wikidata is used only as a coordinate cross-check for the manually added place.

Important warning: the Praetorian Guard existed before the Castra Praetoria. The atlas maps the exact-site barracks deployment from 23 CE to 312 CE and does not retroject the earlier dispersed Augustan cohorts into the later camp.

## Event Link Sources

- Britannica event/place articles used as event links: Roman Britain, Battle of the Medway, Battle of Watling Street, Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, Bar Kokhba Revolt.
- Livius pages used as unit/event links: especially Legio X Fretensis and the Masada X Fretensis payslip page.
- Britannica event pages used as event links include the Battle of the Milvian Bridge for the terminal Praetorian Guard record.
- Wikipedia event pages used as navigational links where a concise public landing page was needed: Cantabrian Wars, Battle of Philippi, Year of the Four Emperors, Batavian revolt, Germanicus' German campaigns, Trajan's Dacian Wars, Marcomannic Wars, Roman-Parthian War of 58-63, Trajan's Parthian campaign, Severan Parthian campaigns, Severan campaigns in Caledonia, and the Dura-Europos siege.

Contribution: outbound links in `data/unit_histories.json`. These links do not create or move disposition records.

The live DARE raster basemap was checked on 2026-04-21 by inspecting the public DARE site JavaScript and confirming a live tile response from `https://dh.gu.se/tiles/imperium/{z}/{x}/{y}.png`. The older `dare.ht.lu.se` tile host did not resolve during this check.

## Roman Empire Vector Map

- Contribution: optional DARE-derived vector basemap style and tile source.
- Link: https://github.com/klokantech/roman-empire
- Notes: The style references public vector tiles and relief tiles. If that live service changes, the app can fall back to OpenStreetMap while the DARE place IDs remain in the data.

## Pleiades

- Contribution: crosswalk identifiers where DARE records expose Pleiades IDs.
- Link: https://pleiades.stoa.org/downloads
- Notes: No bulk Pleiades export is bundled in this seed.

## Roman Inscriptions of Britain Online

- Contribution: primary linked editions for British inscriptions and diplomas.
- Link: https://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org/

Seed evidence items:

- `RIB 330`: Caerleon / Isca, Legio II Augusta, AD 99/100.
- `RIB 326`: Caerleon / Isca, Legio II Augusta, AD 198-209.
- `RIB 327`: Caerleon / Isca, Legio II Augusta, AD 244.
- `RIB 397`: Gelligaer, Legio II Augusta, AD 103-111.
- `RIB 1638`: Milecastle 38 / Hotbank, Legio II Augusta, AD 122-about 126.
- `RIB 659`: York / Eburacum, Legio VIIII Hispana, before about AD 120.
- `RIB 658`: York / Eburacum, Legio VI Victrix, AD 190-212.
- `RIB 450`: Chester / Deva, Legio XX Valeria Victrix, not earlier than the third century AD.
- `RIB 452`: Chester / Deva, Legio XX Valeria Victrix, AD 154.
- `RIB 801`: Moresby / Gabrosentum, Legio XX Valeria Victrix, AD 128-138.
- `RIB 2401.2`: military diploma dated AD 105, auxiliary units in Britannia.

Important warning: `RIB 2401.2` proves provincial presence for listed auxiliary units in Britannia. It does not prove exact fort placements.

2026-05-27 exhaustive five-legion pass: `RIB 330`, `RIB 397`, `RIB 1638`, `RIB 452`, and `RIB 801` were added as exact-site inscriptional or construction/work-party attestations. Remaining RIB corpus-tail leads are tracked in review queue items rather than automatically converted into public markers.

2026-05-29 Vindolanda fort unit pass: RIB Online/Vindolanda Tablets added primary evidence for Cohors VIIII Batavorum (`Tab. Vindol. 574`), Cohors IV Gallorum (`RIB 1686`, `RIB 1705`, `RIB 1706`, `RIB 1710`), and a detached Vardullian cavalry signal (`Tab. Vindol. 181`). `RIB 1683`, `RIB 1691`, and `Tab. Vindol. 609` were retained as review-only evidence where shrine context, no date indication, or merely possible unit presence prevents a firm public station claim.

2026-05-29 Britannia remaining-uncertain auxiliary cleanup: RIB Online organization pages and individual RIB/Britannia inscription pages were used to check all 72 remaining non-Notitia Britain auxiliary uncertain/schematic records. Dated exact-site records were converted into public dispositions, including RIB 739, 3219, 1545, 1544, 1553, 3316, 976, 977, 978, 3300, 730, 733, 740, 3284, 917, 929, 915, 1203, 1303, 2142, 2110, 1999, 1227, 2195, 619, 722, 3215, 2145, 1737, 109, 201, 1462, 1465, 1466, Brit. 55.2, Brit. 36.27, and the Ala Petriana Vindolanda tablet organization record. Diploma-only, undated, administrative, restored, or ambiguous records were left in `data/review_queue.json` rather than being converted into exact station claims.

## Vindolanda Trust Garrison Table

- Contribution: specialist public site synthesis for broad Vindolanda garrison periods where primary RIB tablet/inscription records do not cover the whole fort phase.
- Link: https://www.vindolanda.com/FAQs/who-was-stationed-at-vindolanda
- Author/editor: Barbara Birley / The Vindolanda Trust.
- Atlas use: added medium-confidence broad garrison phases for Cohors I Tungrorum, Cohors II Nerviorum, and late Cohors IV Gallorum at Vindolanda.
- Important warning: this source is a site-synthesis table, not a primary inscription. Direct RIB tablets and inscriptions remain preferred where they exist, and source notes preserve shrine/context cautions for RIB 1683 and undated review leads.

## Livius Legion Articles

- Contribution: synthesis bootstrap for major legionary base phases outside the initial British inscriptional seed.
- Link: https://www.livius.org/articles/legion/
- Author/editor: Jona Lendering and Livius contributors.

Examples now used include Legio I Minervia at Bonna, XXX Ulpia Victrix at Castra Vetera, VIII Augusta at Argentorate, I Italica at Novae, XI Claudia at Durostorum, XII Fulminata at Melitene, XV Apollinaris at Satala, IV Scythica at Zeugma, VI Ferrata at Caparcotna/Legio, X Fretensis at Aelia Capitolina and Aila, III Cyrenaica at Bostra, I/III Parthica in Mesopotamia, and selected late Parthica legions.

The redeployment expansion also uses individual Livius pages for Legio I Germanica, I Macriana Liberatrix, III Augusta, IIII/IV Italica, IIII/IV Macedonica, V Alaudae, VI Hispana, XV Primigenia, XVI Gallica, XVII, XVIII, XIX, XXI Rapax, XXII Deiotariana, II Augusta, II Traiana Fortis, VI Victrix, VIIII/IX Hispana, XX Valeria Victrix, X Gemina, XI Claudia, XIIII/XIV Gemina, and XIII Gemina. These pages drive the finer time-slice movement layer for Augustan, Julio-Claudian, Flavian, and early second-century snapshots.

Important warning: these are synthesis records. They are displayed with medium or low confidence where appropriate and should be replaced or supplemented by primary inscriptions, papyri, diplomas, archaeology, and regional corpora during serious curation.

## Legio X Fretensis 2026 Intelligence Sweep Sources

- Database of Military Inscriptions and Papyri of Early Roman Palestine: https://armyofromanpalestine.com/
- DMIPERP records used for Legio X Fretensis: `0036`, `0048`, `0049`, `0128`, `0297`, and `0298`.
- Tacitus, *Annals* 2.57 via LacusCurtius: https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Tacitus/Annals/2C*.html
- Josephus, *Jewish War*, Whiston/Gutenberg and LacusCurtius witnesses: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/2850/2850-h/2850-h.htm and https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/war-5.html
- Eusebius/Jerome, *Onomasticon* translation: https://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_onomasticon_02_trans.htm
- Cambridge Core chapter, "The Camp of the Legion X Fretensis and the Starting Point of Aelia Capitolina": https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/AF8DA85224D4C1F7AC1A180A2CA7B3E3/9781009256223c17_300-331.pdf/camp_of_the_legion_x_fretensis_and_the_starting_point_of_aelia_capitolina.pdf
- Livius Masada/X Fretensis pages, including Masada article, payslip, and graffito pages: https://www.livius.org/articles/concept/roman-jewish-wars/roman-jewish-wars-6/
- PHI Greek Inscriptions / I.Caesarea Maritima high-level aqueduct records: `PH340591`, `PH340596`, `PH340597`, `PH340598`, `PH340599`: https://epigraphy.packhum.org/text/340599
- Duke Papyrus Archive, P.Duk.inv. 528: https://library.duke.edu/papyrus/records/528.html
- Iovine 2020, P.Duk.inv. 528 / TM 70140: https://cris.unibo.it/handle/11585/899495

Contribution: approved 2026-05-25 Legio X Fretensis data implementation. These sources replaced generic synthesis for much of the unit's public map record: retained uncertain early audit markers, Cyrrus AD 18, Jewish War campaign points, Masada siege evidence, Jerusalem/Aelia epigraphy and papyrus context, Scythopolis first-cohort evidence, Caesarea high-level aqueduct vexillation evidence, and the late Aila phase. The 2026-05-27 exhaustive pass corrected DMIPERP `0036` to 8 July 115 CE and mapped it cautiously to Wadi Murabba'at as individual/documentary detached evidence.

Important warning: Jerusalem/Aelia remains city-level and contested for exact camp location. Scythopolis, Caesarea, and Wadi Murabba'at are detached/subunit/documentary/work evidence, not whole-legion bases. Abu Ghosh, Jerusalem kilnworks, Qumran, Jericho, Dacia/Marcomannic leads, and `Pia Fidelis` remain review items until stronger direct records/place normalization are available.

## Legio V Macedonica Tyras 2026 Source

- Ivanchik 2021, "Doctors of Roman Garrison of Tyras: New Readings of Some Inscriptions": https://slavras.ru/s032103910015328-3-1/?sl=en

Contribution: the 2026-05-27 exhaustive five-legion pass used this specialist epigraphic article for a cautious Tyras / Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi officer-detachment signal for Legio V Macedonica.

Important warning: the Tyras marker is an officer/detachment attestation in a mixed garrison context, not a permanent whole-legion base. Exact narrow dating remains deferred to a future lower-Danube corpus pass.

## Wikipedia Roman Legion Audit

- Contribution: tertiary completeness audit against the public "List of Roman legions" table after the local Principate snapshots proved undercounted.
- Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Roman_legions
- Output file: `data/legion_wikipedia_audit.json`

This audit added or restored records for I Macriana Liberatrix, IV Italica, VI Hispana, and XX Siciliana; added aliases for II Sabina, II Gallica, and X Equestris; and backfilled early table phases such as III Gallica at Raphanea, V Macedonica at Oescus, VI Ferrata at Raphanea, VII Claudia at Tilurium, VIII Augusta at Poetovio, XI Claudia at Burnum, and X Gemina at Petavonium.

Important warning: Wikipedia is used here as a public cross-check and discovery layer, not as final citation-grade proof. Where the table gives only a province or broad theatre, the app uses low-confidence uncertain markers and says so. The same audit file lists late-Roman units still awaiting systematic Notitia/specialist ingestion.

## Late Roman Legion Audit

- Contribution: cautious late-only unit records, aliases, dispositions, histories, and review-queue items for the late legion checklist.
- Main script: `scripts/ingest-late-legions.mjs`
- Main synthesis source: Livius legion articles, especially I Armeniaca, I Flavia Constantia, I Flavia Gallicana Constantia, I Flavia Martis, I Flavia Pacis, I Illyricorum, I Iovia, I Isaura Sagittaria, I Iulia Alpina, I Martia, I Noricorum, I Pontica, II Armeniaca, II Brittannica, II Flavia Constantia, II Flavia Virtutis, II Herculia, II Isaura, II Iulia Alpina, III Flavia Salutis, III Herculia, III Isaura, III Iulia Alpina, V Iovia, VI Gallicana, VI Herculia, VI Parthica, and XII Victrix.
- Tertiary checklist: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Roman_legions#Late_Empire_legions
- Scythian station cross-check: C.-G. Alexandrescu (ed.), *Troesmis: A changing landscape. Romans and the Others in the Lower Danube Region* (2016): https://biblioteca-digitala.ro/reviste/carte/icem/BIPA/dl.asp?filename=12_BIPA_Troesmis-a-changing-landscape-romans-and-the-others-in-the-Lower-Danuberegion_2016_09.pdf

Important warning: this layer is deliberately cautious. Exact-site markers are used only where a named site is supported and exists in local DARE data, such as Satala, Bezabde, Troesmis, Onagrinum, Teutoburgium, and Argentorate. Manual-coordinate records such as Noviodunum ad Istrum, Adiuvense/Ybbs, Trapezus, Cusas/Qusiyah, Isauria, Alpes Cottiae, and Valeria are `uncertain` markers until DARE/place reconciliation and primary references are added. I Flavia Theodosiana and VI Gemella are searchable unit shells only; no marker is displayed yet.

## Legion Profile Metadata

- Livius, "Legion: chronological": https://www.livius.org/articles/misc/legion/legion-chronological/
- Public table used as tertiary cross-check, "List of Roman legions": https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Roman_legions

Contribution: `data/legion_metadata.json` fields for legion symbols, founding dates, founders, and disbandment or last-attested notes. Livius is preferred for chronology and individual unit summaries; the public table is used as a tertiary cross-check for emblem/foundation/disbandment fields.

Important warning: this profile metadata is not primary evidence and does not create a map disposition. Unknown symbols, uncertain founder traditions, and contested disappearance dates remain marked as unknown, debated, or caveated.

## Hadrianic Auxiliary Roster

- Contribution: broad auxiliary roster for the reign of Hadrian, used to make the auxiliary layer visible across the empire without claiming exact fort placements.
- Public roster used: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Roman_auxiliary_regiments
- The page describes the table as auxiliary regiments attested by province during Hadrian, c. AD 130.
- The page's listed source chain includes:
  - Paul Holder, "Auxiliary deployment in the reign of Hadrian" (2003): https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/auxiliary-deployment-in-the-reign-of-hadrian
  - John E. H. Spaul, *Cohors2* (2000): https://www.barpublishing.com/book/cohors-2/
  - John E. H. Spaul and Conrad Cichorius, *Ala2* (1994): https://catalogue.frantiq.fr/bib/480839

Important warning: this layer is a bootstrap synthesis/discovery layer. It is not a direct ingestion of the full Spaul or Holder corpora. The underlying evidence is province-level; current point coordinates are generated low-confidence estimates snapped near DARE geography anchors where possible and should be reviewed against Holder, Spaul, military diplomas, inscriptions, papyri, and regional corpora before their confidence is raised.

## Moesia Auxilia Specialist Sources

- Florian Matei-Popescu, "Trupele auxiliare romane din Moesia Inferior", SCIVA 52-53, 2001-2002: https://scivajournal.ro/pagini%20principale/arhiva/pdf/sciva2001_2002/07popescul.pdf
- Florian Matei-Popescu, *The Roman Army in Moesia Inferior*, Center for Roman Military Studies 7, 2010: https://www.biblioteca-digitala.ro/reviste/carte/limes/dl.asp?filename=Popescu-Florian-Matei_the-roman-army-in-moesia-inferior.pdf
- Florian Matei-Popescu and Ovidiu Tentea, *Auxilia Moesiae Superioris*, 2018: https://biblioteca-digitala.ro/reviste/carte/limes/Popescu-Florian-Matei_Tentea-Ovidiu_auxilia-moesiae-superioris.pdf
- Costin Croitoru, "Guarding the Danube and Beyond (I). Cohors II Mattiacorum", *Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology* 7.4, 2020: https://jaha.org.ro/index.php/JAHA/article/view/569
- DARE place records added for normalization: Abritus/Razgrad https://imperium.ahlfeldt.se/places/21384 and Sostra/Lomets https://imperium.ahlfeldt.se/places/21780

Contribution: the 2026-05-29 Moesia province-level auxiliary sweep used these specialist sources to replace selected generated rough snapped markers in Moesia Inferior and Moesia Superior with source-led fort, station, or cautious evidence-point records. The pass also added missing Moesian auxiliary units where the source evidence was strong enough, including Cohors I Germanorum, Cohors III Collecta civium Romanorum, Cohors Gemina Dacorum milliaria, Numerus civium Romanorum, Cohors II Reducum, Cohors I Lusitanorum veterana equitata, and Cohors VIIII Gemina voluntariorum.

Important warning: this is a specialist-synthesis upgrade, not a complete primary corpus edition. DARE is used only for place normalization. Where the sources report a findspot, construction detachment, veteran inscription, ambiguous title, or uncertain fort allocation, the atlas keeps the record medium-confidence, contested, detached, or in review rather than treating it as an uninterrupted permanent base.

## Rhine-Danube Frontier Auxilia Sources

- Nicolae Gudea, "Der Limes der Provinz Pannonia inferior (106-294 n. Chr.)", *Jahrbuch des Roemisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums* 60: https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/jahrb-rgzm/article/view/20316
- PDF used for local text extraction: https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/jahrb-rgzm/article/download/20316/14110
- German Wikipedia auxiliary unit pages and station sections, used as discovery/light synthesis with cited CIL/AE/RMD/EDCS trails: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_r%C3%B6mischer_Auxiliareinheiten
- German Wikipedia, "Roemische Streitkraefte in Raetia", used as a Raetian force-roster and station-discovery source: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6mische_Streitkr%C3%A4fte_in_Raetia
- Livius, "Burginatium (Alt-Kalkar)", used for the Ala Afrorum fort-garrison statement: https://www.livius.org/articles/place/burginatium-alt-kalkar/
- Livius, "Aalen", used for the Ala II Flavia fort-garrison statement: https://www.livius.org/articles/place/aalen/

Contribution: the 2026-05-29 Rhine/Danube frontier auxiliary sweep used these sources to replace or refine selected generated rough snapped markers in Germania Inferior, Germania Superior, Raetia/Noricum, and Pannonia. Gudea 2013 supplied the strongest source-led table for Pannonia Inferior; Livius supplied two clean fort-garrison public syntheses; dewiki/Wikipedia station sections were used mainly to discover and lightly support claims where they named forts and cited inscriptions, tile stamps, diplomas, or specialist literature.

Important warning: this pass deliberately does not treat Wikipedia/dewiki as a primary authority. Remaining rough markers are preserved until Holder, Spaul, Alfoeldy, Farkas, Loerincz, EDCS/EDH, diploma editions, fort reports, or equivalent direct sources justify a replacement. Pannonia Superior, several Raetia/Noricum stations, and many Rhine cohort/ala placements remain in review.

## Pannonia Superior Auxilia Addendum

- RGZM/LEIZA, "Pannonia: Provincial Structure and Military Sites", used for upper Danube fort/unit orientation including Gerulata and related Pannonia Superior sites: https://www1.rgzm.de/transformation/noricum/nw_struktur/pannonia_nordwest_struktur_eng.htm
- EDH HD064363, Carnuntum tile stamp of Ala I Thracum, used as primary epigraphic control for Ala I Thracum victrix at Carnuntum: https://edh.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/edh/inschrift/HD064363
- GUIDE@HAND Azaum/Odiavum memorial park introduction, used as public heritage synthesis for Ala III Augusta Thracum at Azaum/Odiavum: https://guideathand.com/en/sight/emlekpark-bevezeto
- FFZG ROMICRO, "Dalj - Teutoburgium", used for the Teutoburgium auxiliary-fort unit roster and monument trail: https://www.ffzg.unizg.hr/romicro/?page_id=416
- Tentea and Matei-Popescu, *Alae et cohortes Daciae et Moesiae*, used for the Cohors I Aelia Sagittariorum/Caesariensis/Gaesatorum identity and Klosterneuburg discussion: https://biblioteca-digitala.ro/reviste/ACTA-MUSEI-NAPOCENSIS/39-40-I-Acta-Mvsei-Napocensis-2002-2003_260.pdf
- Paul Holder, "Auxiliary deployment in the reign of Trajan", used for AD 112-116 Pannonia Superior Batavorum/Bosporanorum province-level phases: https://biblioteca-digitala.ro/reviste/dacia/50_dacia_revue-archeologie-historie-ancienne_SN_L_2006_146.pdf
- Paul Holder, "Auxiliary deployment in the reign of Hadrian", used for the Pannonia Superior Voluntariorum cohort roster while preserving province-level uncertainty: https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/auxiliary-deployment-in-the-reign-of-hadrian
- Schmidtova, Rajtar and Harmadyova, "Limes Romanus in Slovakia", used for the cautious Gerulata association of Cohors XVIII/XIIX Voluntariorum: https://archiv.chnt.at/wp-content/uploads/Schmidtova.pdf

Contribution: the 2026-05-29 dedicated Pannonia Superior auxiliary continuation replaced 12 generated rough Pannonian markers with source-led exact sites or explicitly cautious evidence points, added a later Crumerum phase for Cohors V Callaecorum Lucensium, and left 4 rough placeholders in review where the accessible source trail did not justify a fort placement.

Full-sweep contribution: the later 2026-05-29 Pannonia Superior full pass added source-led province phases for Ala I Batavorum, Cohors I Batavorum, and Cohors II Batavorum; added a corrected Odiavum/Azaum findspot phase for Ala I Bosporanorum; and added missing Cohors IV Voluntariorum and Cohors XVIII Voluntariorum records. It also added a review item for unresolved Voluntariorum station control.

Important warning: several upgraded records remain deliberately contested, medium confidence, or province-level because the source trail preserves title, station, and date problems. The atlas must not collapse the Aelia Caesariensis/Gaesatorum/Sagittariorum, Brittonum/Britannica, Augusta/Aurelia Dacorum, Batavorum/Bosporanorum, or Voluntariorum station problems by string similarity.

## Dura-Europos Military Papyri

- Contribution: exact-site auxiliary example for Cohors XX Palmyrenorum at Dura-Europos.
- papyri.info example: https://papyri.info/ddbdp/rom.mil.rec%3B1%3B107
- Recent scholarly context: Giulio Iovine, *Latin Military Papyri of Dura-Europos (P.Dura 55-145)*, Cambridge University Press, 2023.

Important warning: the current record is a seed marker using the Dura military papyri archive/provenance. A full ingestion should enumerate the relevant P.Dura records separately.

## RIB Stanwix Site Record / Notitia Dignitatum

- Contribution: late Notitia reference for `ala Petriana Petrianis` and the Stanwix identification discussion.
- Link: https://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org/sites/stanwix

Important warning: Notitia data is a late-antique administrative layer with chronological and textual limitations. The app models it separately and does not retroject it into the High Empire.

## Full Notitia Dignitatum Corpus Workbook

- Contribution: corpus-wide grouped-unit and occurrence import for the Notitia layer, including command context, B04/A05 references, explicit station strings, and cautious map eligibility.
- Local files:
  - `data/notitia_db/notitia_dignitatum_units_corpus.xlsx`
  - `data/notitia_db/notitia_dignitatum_units_report.md`
  - `data/notitia_db/notitia_atlas_reconciliation.json`
  - `data/notitia_db/place_overrides.json`
- Main public source chain named inside the workbook:
  - Ingo Maier, `B04` military-unit index: https://www.notitiadignitatum.org/B04-miun.pdf
  - Ingo Maier, `A05` concordance: https://www.notitiadignitatum.org/A05-conc.pdf
  - Ingo Maier, `B03` place-name index: https://www.notitiadignitatum.org/B03-plac.pdf
  - Ingo Maier, `B05` western comitatenses index: https://www.notitiadignitatum.org/B05-wcom.pdf
  - Ingo Maier, `C11` masters-of-soldiers appendix: https://www.notitiadignitatum.org/C11-mast.pdf
  - Wikisource Notitia transcriptions and Fairley orientation links listed in the local report

Important warning: the workbook is a serious corpus and staging source, not a fully georeferenced atlas. The current import only creates map records when the occurrence is station-like and the local atlas can normalize the place safely, or when a coarse province fallback is more honest than a fake point. Field-army and origin-marker occurrences remain searchable but often unmapped by design.

## Notitia Place Reconciliation Supplements

- Contribution: cautious second-pass normalization for Notitia station strings that deserve better than province-only display but still should not be treated as exact fort assignments.
- Local file: `data/notitia_db/place_overrides.json`
- Main sources used in this override layer:
  - DARE place pages and DARE API ancient-name lookups for Qasr Qarun/Dionysias, Asfun/Asphynis, Tell Tnenir/Thannuris, Hanaser/Anasartha, and Khirbet es-Sadaqa/Zodacatha.
  - Additional DARE place pages used for later frontier cleanup, including Tamuda/Tetouan (22242), Bononia/Vidin (10896), Abila Lysaniou/Suq Wadi Barada (21751), Gerra/Tel Mahmudiyeh (28351), Sucidava/Celei (23732), Sucidava/Izvoarele (23324), and Pontes/Kostol (34855).
  - DARE place page 28532 for Terenouthis/Kom Abu Billo, used to replace a generic Notitia point override with a named place link: https://imperium.ahlfeldt.se/places/28532.html
  - Trismegistos TM Geo 577 for Dios Polis Mikra / Diospolis Parva at Hu: https://www.trismegistos.org/place/577
  - Trismegistos TM Geo 5089 for Chenoboskia / Chenoboskion at Qasr el-Saiyad: https://www.trismegistos.org/place/5089
  - Biblissima, `Anatha (Empire romain)`, citing C. Neira Faleiro for the cautious identification of Notitia `Anatha` with Hanaser/Anasartha in Syria: https://portail.biblissima.fr/ark%3A/43093/desc61fcdf8312601e92ad6c45c25c23acb92fcc39ad
  - Trismegistos TM Geo 11098 for Hauara/Humeima: https://www.trismegistos.org/place/11098
  - Horvat Maon / Menois summaries for the western Negev identification used for Notitia `Menoida`: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menois and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horvat_Maon_%28western_Negev%29
  - Sha'ar Ramon / Moahila identification summaries used for Notitia `Moahile`: https://deadseaquake.info/EarthquakeCatalogOfTheDeadSea/Sites/Archaeo/ShaarRamon.html
  - Medinet Madi / Narmouthis excavation reports explicitly discussing the Notitia camp of the Cohors IV Numidarum: https://egittologia.cfs.unipi.it/en/research/concluded-excavations/eng-medinet-madi/ and https://mapcarta.com/13214188
  - Hu coordinates and historical summaries used to promote Diospolis Parva from anonymous geometry to a named uncertain place: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%2C_Egypt
  - Pannonia place fixes cross-checked with Trismegistos and DARE for Bononia/Banoštor and Ad Statuas variants: https://www.trismegistos.org/place/29279 and https://www.trismegistos.org/place/28880
  - Rhizaion/Rize identification used for the Cappadocian Notitia cavalry station: https://vici.org/vici/3314/?lang=en and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rize
  - Sebastopolis/Sulusaray identification used for the Cappadocian Notitia cohort station: https://www.mikoflohr.org/data/places/sulusaray/ and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulusaray
  - Pityus/Pitsunda identification used for the Cappadocian Notitia cavalry station: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitsunda
  - Dux Armeniae / Cappadocia cleanup:
    - Notitia Or. XXXVIII text used to verify station spellings and command order: https://www.intratext.com/IXT/LAT0212/_P23.HTM
    - Peter Brennan, `The User's Guide to the Notitia Dignitatum: the Case of the Dux Armeniae (ND Or. 38)`, used for the warning that several Pontic/Lazic placements remain debated: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antichthon/article/users-guide-to-the-notitia-dignitatum-the-case-of-the-dux-armeniae-nd-or-38/563806F255504EB0CB691A1582AE9396
    - Barrington Atlas Map 64 `Caesarea-Melitene` and DARE were used for Chiaca/Kiakis, Armaxa/Auaxa context, and the Satala-Melitene frontier route: https://assets.press.princeton.edu/B_ATLAS/BATL064_.pdf
    - Tabula Peutingeriana records used for `Solonenica/Sedissa` and `Sisila/Sisilisson/Ziziola` caution: https://www1.ku.de/ggf/ag/tabula_peutingeriana/trefferanzeige_en.php?id=1533 and https://www1.ku.de/ggf/ag/tabula_peutingeriana/trefferanzeige_en.php?id=1642
    - Modern coordinate cross-checks for Pirahmet/Sedissa and Kolat Daglari/Auaxa sector anchors were used only as low-confidence gazetteer aids, not as exact Roman fort proof.
  - Dux Scythiae / Dux Moesiae secundae cleanup:
    - Notitia Or. XXXIX and XL text witnesses used to verify station spellings and command order: https://www.intratext.com/IXT/LAT0212/_P24.HTM and https://www.intratext.com/IXT/LAT0212/_P25.HTM
    - Barrington Atlas Map 22 `Moesia Inferior`, used for the cautious `Cimbrianae between Durostorum and Altinum` and `Plateypegiae at the Danube mouth` context: https://assets.press.princeton.edu/B_ATLAS/BATL022_.pdf
    - UNESCO tentative `Frontiers of the Roman Empire - The Danube Limes (Bulgaria)` list, used for the Pirgovo/Mediolana anchor: https://whc.unesco.org/fr/listesindicatives/6474/
    - Trismegistos TM Geo 36585 and DARE 21791 for Tegulicium/Vetren: https://www.trismegistos.org/place/36585
    - Tabula Peutingeriana commentary for Anasamus/Ansamus on the Asamus/Osam river sector: https://www1.ku.de/ggf/ag/tabula_peutingeriana/trefferanzeige_en.php?id=1016
    - Pontica 35-36 discussion of the debated Cimbrianae/Gura Canliei/Canlia sector: https://biblioteca-digitala.ro/reviste/pontica/35-36-Pontica-2002-2003.pdf
    - Halmyris/Thalamonium and Gratiana discussions used to keep those Scythian stations broad and contested rather than exact: https://www.archaeological.org/fieldwork/archaeology-at-halmyris/ and https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339238171_Despre_insula_Peuce_Genucla_Halmyris_si_cultura_Murighiol_English_Edition
    - Plateypegiis/classis discussion used to avoid treating `in plateypegiis` as a secure harbour name: https://biblioteca-digitala.ro/reviste/StudiiClasice/dl.asp?filename=17-revista-studii-clasice-XVII-1977.pdf
  - Dux Daciae ripensis cleanup:
    - Notitia Or. XLII text witnesses used to verify the station list and to separate true station names from unit-origin or epithet strings: https://www.intratext.com/IXT/LAT0212/_P27.HTM and https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/notitia2.html
    - Zahariade, `The Dacia Ripensis Section in Notitia Dignitatum (XLII)`, used for cautious modern identifications such as `Transalba -> Mali Golubinje`, `Translucum -> Hajducka Vodenica`, `Siosta -> Insula Banului (?)`, `Sostica -> Kladovo`, `Crispitia -> Koshava`, and the debated `Burgus Novus` placement: https://biblioteca-digitala.ro/reviste/thraco_dacica/09_THRACO_DACICA_XXIX-XXX_nr-6-7_2014-2015_Zahariade.pdf
    - Dux Daciae ripensis overview used as a contextual cross-check for the command, troop categories, and older station identifications: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dux_Daciae_ripensis
    - Roman Danube Limes guide used for the `Burgo Zono -> Kozloduy sector` coordinates and caveat that the identification rests on fortification/stamp evidence: https://www.donau-uni.ac.at/dam/jcr%3Afc2a0ca6-9947-40b1-b55e-5268eeea09b1/LDL_The%20Roman%20Danube%20Limes%20-%20A%20Guide_Part08-Bulgaria.pdf
    - Coordinate cross-checks for Koshava, Kladovo, Radujevac, and Golubinje were used only as gazetteer aids, not as proof of Roman fort footprints.
  - Dux Moesiae primae / Moesia Superior cleanup:
    - Notitia Or. XLI text witnesses used to verify station spellings and to correct workbook strings such as `Aureus Mons` when the station is actually `Tricornio`: https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Notitia_dignitatum/Notitia_dignitatum_partibus_orientis_-_XXI_XLV and https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/notitia2.html
    - Dux Moesiae primae overview used as a public cross-check for Tricornium/Ritopek, Novae/Cezava, Gratiana/Dobra, and the Moesia Prima command context: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dux_Moesiae_primae
    - Bondoc, `The Roman Rule to the North of the Lower Danube`, used for the debated Kuvin/Kovin Flaviana/Augustoflavianensia complex and the warning that Contra Regina is attested but unlocated: https://www.scribd.com/document/501575100/Bondoc-Dorel-The-roman-rule-to-the-north-of-the-Lower-Danube
    - `Leskovacki zbornik LVII` and Benea-derived limes bibliography used for the Zmirna/Smorna -> Boljetin association: https://www.scribd.com/document/366556875/Leskovacki-zbornik-LVII-pdf
    - Băjenaru, `Minor Fortifications in the Balkan-Danubian Area`, used for the caution that Gratiana in Moesia Prima is not absolutely secure and must remain uncertain: https://pdfcoffee.com/bajenaru-minor-fortifications-2010-pdf-free.html
  - Dux Pannoniae secundae / Dux Valeriae / Dux Pannoniae primae cleanup:
    - Notitia Occ. XXXII, XXXIII, and XXXIV IntraText witnesses used to verify station spellings and distinguish real stations from unit-origin strings or damaged blanks: https://www.intratext.com/IXT/LAT0212/_PU.HTM, https://www.intratext.com/IXT/LAT0212/_PV.HTM, and https://www.intratext.com/IXT/LAT0212/_PW.HTM
    - DARE place anchors used for Vindobona/Vienna, Constantia/Szentendre, Ad Statuas/Várdomb, Odiavum-Azaum/Almásfüzítő, Ad Novas/Zmajevac, Siscia/Sisak, Mursa/Osijek, Iovia/Heténypuszta, Asturis/Zwentendorf, Cannabiaca/Zeiselmauer, and Contra Aquincum/Transaquincum.
    - Hungarian late-Roman hinterland-fort discussions used for the cautious Vincentia/Környe, Quadriburgium/Ságvár, Iovia/Alsóhetény, and Burgus Centenarium/Sopianae sector anchors: https://studyres.com/doc/8035824/viii.-the-roman-period, https://romaikor.hu/limes_es_a_romai_hatarvedelem/pannoniai_limes_%28ripa_pannonica%29/a_ripa_pannonica_katonai_letesitmenyei/eroditmenyek_es_ortornyok/cikk/keso_romai_erodok_pannoniaban, and https://books.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/propylaeum/catalog/view/1689/2885/128077
    - Antunnacum / Andernach references used to map the Milites Acincenses station under Dux Mogontiacensis and avoid mistaking Aquincum for the station: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antunnacum and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dux_Mogontiacensis
  - Dux Belgicae secundae / Dux tractus Armoricani et Nervicani / western-Gaul praepositura cleanup:
    - Notitia Occ. XXXVII and XXXVIII IntraText witnesses used to verify the Armorican and Belgica Secunda station spellings: https://www.intratext.com/IXT/LAT0212/_PZ.HTM and https://www.intratext.com/IXT/LAT0212/_P10.HTM
    - Notitia Occ. XLI and XLII IntraText witnesses used for `Tabernis`, `Viennae sive Arelati`, `Ebruduni Sapaudiae`, and `Calaronae`: https://www.intratext.com/IXT/LAT0212/_P12.HTM and https://www.intratext.com/IXT/LAT0212/_P13.HTM
    - DARE place anchors used for `Constantia -> Coutances` (134), `Benetis/Venetia -> Vannes` (126), `Tabernis -> Rheinzabern` (1070), `Ebrudunum -> Yverdon-les-Bains` (1811), and `Vienna -> Vienne` (106).
    - Drinkwater, `The Saxon Shore Reconsidered`, Britannia 54 (2023), used for the debated modern mappings of `Marcis`, `Portu Epatiaci`, `Classis Sambrica`, and the Armorican stations while keeping all such markers `uncertain`: https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/456750BE3BE23EBCDA90FE9B75CF89B9/S0068113X23000193a.pdf/the-saxon-shore-reconsidered.pdf
    - L'Arbre Celtique Notitia Saxon Shore summaries used as an orientation cross-check for Blabia, Grannona, Benetis/Vannes, Constantia/Coutances, and related Armorican place-name disputes: https://www.arbre-celtique.com/encyclopedie/les-places-du-litus-saxonicum-selon-la-notitia-dignitatum-6511.htm
  - Comes Tingitaniae / Comes Africae / Dux Mauretaniae / Dux Tripolitanae cleanup:
    - Notitia Occ. XXV, XXVI, XXX, and XXXI IntraText witnesses used to verify the African, Tingitanian, Mauretanian, and Tripolitanian station/limes spellings: https://www.intratext.com/IXT/LAT0212/_PN.HTM, https://www.intratext.com/IXT/LAT0212/_PO.HTM, https://www.intratext.com/IXT/LAT0212/_PS.HTM, and https://www.intratext.com/IXT/LAT0212/_PT.HTM
    - Treccani's late-antique North Africa article used for the reduced Tingitanian military system and candidate stations such as `Duga -> Suiar al-Habt?`, `Aulucos -> Ad Lucos/Lixus`, `Tabernae -> Lalla Ylalia`, and the unresolved `Bariensis` / `Pacatiana` notes: https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/l-africa-settentrionale-tra-il-iv-e-il-vii-secolo_%28Il-Mondo-dell%27Archeologia%29/
    - Martorella 2021, `Magnetic Survey at the Roman Military Camp of el Benian`, used for the late Roman camp context behind the cautious Pacatiana/el Benian anchor: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/1/28/htm
    - Encyclopedie Berbere, `Nefta (Nepte, Aggarsel Nepte)`, used for the generally adopted `Leptitanis -> (N)eptitanis` correction and the caution around the Montensis/Nefta marker: https://journals.openedition.org/encyclopedieberbere/2701?lang=fr
    - Rushworth, `Soldiers and Tribesmen`, used for the warnings that Fortensis and several Mauretanian limes titles cannot be fixed, and for the cautious Tablatensis/Bidensis/Columnatensis/Caputcellensis discussion: https://theses.ncl.ac.uk/jspui/bitstream/10443/1733/1/Rushworth%2092%20vol.1.pdf
    - DARE and Trismegistos anchors used for `Lixus` (21771), `Banasa` (21773), `Turris Tamalleni` (21842), `Zabi` (22115), `Tubusuctu` (22123), `Auzia` (22125), `Thubunae` (21652), `Tillibari` (21841), `Badias` (22356), and `Columnata` / Sidi Hosni (TM 20417).
  - Trismegistos TM Geo 2829 for Oasis Minor/Bahariya and TM Geo 619 for Oasis Magna/Kharga.
  - Co-Curate and Roman Britain for the cautious `Morbium -> Piercebridge` identification:
    - https://co-curate.ncl.ac.uk/morbium/
    - https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/places/piercebridge-morbium-roman-fort/
  - Linant de Bellefonds, *Mémoires sur les principaux travaux d'utilité publique, exécutés en Egypte...* (1873), for the older `Tacasarta -> Cassassine/Kassassin` localization discussion: https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/linant_de_bellefonds1873text/0196
  - Modern Kassassin coordinate cross-check used only as a gazetteer anchor for that uncertain placement: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassassin
  - Comes Aegypti / Aegyptus cleanup:
    - Notitia Or. XXVIII text witnesses used to verify station spellings such as `Andro`, `Nee`, `Thaubasteos`, `Tohu`, `Castra Iudaeorum`, `Muson`, and `Cefro`: https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/notitia2.html and https://www.intratext.com/IXT/LAT0212/_P1U.HTM
    - Trismegistos Notitia and Itinerary georeference lists used to separate station names from unit-origin ethnonyms and broad province labels: https://www.trismegistos.org/geo/georef_list_fullview.php?order=&referral_page=authors_allgeoref_list&tm=265 and https://www.trismegistos.org/geo/georef_list_fullview.php?order=&referral_page=authors_allgeoref_list&tm=215
    - Trismegistos place records for uncertain Aegyptus anchors, including Andropolis (3108), Castra Iudaeorum (4801), Vicus Iudaeorum (4630), and related eastern Delta/Middle Egypt route stations.
    - ToposText's Antonine Itinerary text for the Egypt road sequence through Musae, Hipponon, Alyi, Thimonepsi, Scenae Mandrae, Vicus Iudaeorum, Thou, Hero, and Serapiu: https://topostext.org/work/687
    - Petrie, *Hyksos and Israelite Cities*, for the cautious Gheyta/Tell Yehud argument behind the `Castra Iudaeorum` sector rather than a hard Tell el-Yehudiyeh placement: https://etana.org/sites/default/files/coretexts/15114.pdf
    - Paleogeography route-coordinate reconstruction used as an orientation check for `Musae -> al-Sarirya`: https://jlupub.ub.uni-giessen.de/bitstreams/88c15340-3e08-4d5d-ba3b-02dcf2096dbb/download
  - Dux Thebaidos cleanup:
    - Notitia Or. XXXI text witnesses used to verify the Dux Thebaidos station spellings: https://www.intratext.com/IXT/LAT0212/_P1W.HTM and https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/notitia2.html
    - Trismegistos Notitia georeference list for `Praesentia`, `Pampane`, `Precteos`, `Silili`, `Peamu`, `Nitnu`, `Burgo Severi`, and `Castris Lapidariorum`: https://www.trismegistos.org/geo/georef_list_fullview.php?order=&referral_page=authors_allgeoref_list&tm=265
    - Nag el-Hagar / Praesentia? project pages used for the cautious Legio III Diocletiana anchor: https://swissinst.ch/html/hagar.html and https://www.vfp-archaeologie.uni-muenchen.de/forschung/provinzial/projekte_mackensen/nag_el_har/index.html
    - Takahashi, `Some New Textual Evidence for Prektis and the Ala I Valeria Dromedariorum`, for the current Prektis / northern Hermopolite discussion and the uncertainty around several Upper Egyptian Notitia camps: https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/pylon/article/download/101702/96793/262131
    - P.Panop.Beatty / Trismegistos georeference snippets for `Peamou` as opposite Abydos, plus Trismegistos TM Geo 6435: https://www.trismegistos.org/place/6435
    - Smith's Dictionary page and older travel-geography snippets for `Castra Lapidariorum` near the Basanites / Baram quarry region east of Syene: https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page%3ADictionary_of_Greek_and_Roman_Geography_Volume_I_Part_1.djvu/398
  - Al-Jizah/Zizia historical identification, used for the cautious Arabia `Ziza` anchor: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Jizah,_Jordan
  - Pleiades `Avatha`, used for the cautious `Avatha -> al-Bakhra'` anchor south of Palmyra: https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/7591735
  - Trismegistos TM Geo 16846 / Basienis, used for the `Dia-Fenis -> Qasr el-Azraq` identification: https://www.trismegistos.org/place/16846
  - UNESCO and the Qasr Bshir site record, used for the `Naarsafari -> Wadi Afaris / Qasr Bshir sector` anchor and for the `Castra Arnonensia` frontier-sector interpretation:
    - https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1553/
    - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qasr_Bshir
  - Wadi Mujib / Arnon references used for the `Arnona -> Via Nova crossing sector` anchor:
    - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadi_Mujib
    - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12520-023-01820-6
  - Pleiades update log for the public Avatha resource creation: https://pleiades.stoa.org/news/blog/last-week-in-pleiades-11-18-december-2023
  - Danaba and Al-Hafar, used for the cautious `Danaba -> al-Hafar` anchor:
    - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danaba
    - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hafar,_Syria
  - Phoenice Libanensis regional summaries, used cautiously for `Saltatha -> Sadad` and `Thelseae -> al-Dumayr`:
    - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenice_Libanensis
    - https://everything.explained.today/Phoenice_Libanensis/
  - Maaloula / Calamona:
    - Vici annotation for ancient Calamona at Maaloula: https://vici.org/vici/26685/?lang=en
    - Modern Maaloula coordinate and location summary: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maaloula
  - Euhari / Euhara -> Huwwarin / Euroea:
    - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euroea_in_Phoenicia
    - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huwwarin
  - Arefa / Arpha:
    - Peer Community Journal summary arguing for Khirbet ar-Rafi'ah near Bir Qassab: https://peercommunityjournal.org/articles/10.24072/pcjournal.201/
    - Bir Qassab coordinate check used only as a sector anchor: https://mapcarta.com/N573516177
  - Monte Iovis / Khan el-Qattar and Thama / Khan Abu Shamat:
    - Trismegistos listing for Carnela / Khan el-Qattar and adjacent Strata Diocletiana sites: https://www.trismegistos.org/geo/list.php?p=321
    - Frontier-fortification summaries for `Monte Iovis? -> Khan el-Qattar` and `Thama -> Khan Abu Shamat`:
      - https://biblioteca-digitala.ro/reviste/carte/limes/Bajenaru-Minor-fortifications-Balkan-danubian-area-Diocletian-Justinian.pdf
      - https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan_Abu_Shamat
    - Strata Diocletiana route overview used as an orientation check for the Khan el-Qattar / Khan al-Hallabat / Khan al-Manqura corridor: https://www.hist.uib.no/antikk/dias/stratadiocletiana.htm
  - Mahin coordinates and corridor context, used only as a low-confidence sector anchor for unresolved `Lataui/Latavi`: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahin%2C_Syria
  - Sadad and al-Dumayr coordinate checks used only as uncertain gazetteer anchors:
    - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadad,_Syria
    - https://gpedia.com/en/Al-Dumayr
  - Wadi Sabra and the `Sabure sive Veterocaria` problem in the Petra-Gaza corridor:
    - Petra Tourism Development Region Authority / Visit Petra on Wadi Sabra: https://visitpetra.jo/en/Location/73
    - Findlater thesis discussion equating `Kapxa/Carcaria` with `Sabure sive Veterocaria` in the Wadi Sabra zone: https://era.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/1842/9789/1/Findlater2004.pdf
  - Dux Syriae place cleanup:
    - Uqayribat / Occaraba identification: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uqayribat
    - Honigmann's Syrian topography discussion of `Occariba`, `Matthana`, `Acauatha`, `Ammuda`, `Claudiana`, `Marmantharum`, and `Ammattha`: https://books.openedition.org/ifpo/23517
    - The territorial-division summary that keeps the Dux Syriae list together as a frontier command context: https://9lib.org/article/the-territorial-division-of-the-military-administration.zgwjj1xv
    - Androna and Qasr Ibn Wardan orientation pages used to place the cautious `Khirbet Matran` sector:
      - https://mapcarta.com/12692112
      - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qasr_Ibn_Wardan
    - Trismegistos TM Geo 32855 and Athis/Neocaesarea-Dibsi Faraj summaries used for the cautious `Neocaesarea -> Dibsi Faraj` anchor:
      - https://www.trismegistos.org/place/32855
      - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dibsi_Faraj
    - The IntraText Or. XXXIII transcription used to correct the `Ala I Iuthungorum` station from workbook `Iuthungi` to Notitia `Salutaria`: https://www.intratext.com/IXT/LAT0212/_P1Y.HTM
  - Dux Osrhoenae / Dux Mesopotamiae cleanup:
    - DARE `Constantia/Tella/Viransehir` (21812), `Arban/Horaba?/Oraba?/Tell Ajaja` (25232), `Thebeta/Tell Taban` (33812), `Kepha/Hasankeyf` (22342), and `Sapha/Thilsaphata?/Babil` (34753).
    - Pleiades `Shadikanni/Ar(a)ban/(H)Oraba?/*Castellum Arabum` and Vici `Charcha`, used for the Tell Ajaja and Charcha/Uctepe uncertainty anchors: https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/874688 and https://vici.org/vici/3025/
    - The IntraText Notitia transcription for Or. XXXV-XXXVI and the public Notitia text witnesses, used to verify the command-list order and station spellings: https://www.intratext.com/IXT/LAT0212/_P21.HTM
    - Honigmann's high-Syria discussion for Thebeta/Thibithenses and Arabanenses context: https://books.openedition.org/ifpo/3704?lang=fr
    - Chapot's Euphrates-frontier discussion and Pleiades update notes for the unresolved `Thilla-` group, used to keep `Thillazamana`, `Thillaamana`, and `Thillafica` broad and uncertain rather than exact.
  - Oboda / Avdat and the `Idiota` debate:
    - Avdat / Oboda overview: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avdat
    - Karl Leo Noethlichs, citing Helmut Castritius on the `Oboda and Idiota` place-name problem: https://www.proquest.com/openview/20b155abf75bbd8834b34eddb1ce2d2b/1
  - Mezad Tamar / Qasr el-Juheiniyeh for the cautious `Tarba` anchor:
    - OpenBible coordinate page: https://www.openbible.info/geo/modern/m886d32/mezad-tamar
    - Mapcarta Mezad Tamar page: https://mapcarta.com/12934134
  - Lower Jordan crossing sector for `iuxta Iordanem fluvium`:
    - Qasr al-Yahud summary: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qasr_al-Yahud
    - OpenBible coordinate page: https://www.openbible.info/geo/modern/mebf30f/qashr-el-yahud
  - Ein Yahav / Ayn al-Wayba corridor used for the cautious `Iehibo` anchor:
    - Ein Yahav summary: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ein_Yahav
    - Mapcarta Ein Yahav page: https://mapcarta.com/12936038
  - General orientation cross-checks used during research for Acimincum and Thannuris include the public Acumincum/Stari Slankamen page and the Battle of Thannuris overview.

Important warning: these override markers are intentionally `uncertain`. They improve the atlas where a province-only grid marker is too blunt, but they still do not claim exact archaeological proof for a garrison block, camp footprint, or undebated identification. The override layer also corrects a small number of manually seeded Near Eastern DARE coordinates when a place seed had been entered in `[lat, lon]` order instead of the atlas's `[lon, lat]` convention.

## Notitia Dignitatum Eastern Command Lists

- Contribution: selected late-only station records for Dux Arabiae, Dux Palaestinae, Dux Syriae, Dux Foenicis, Dux Mesopotamiae, Comes limitis Aegypti, and Dux Thebaidos.
- Main Latin transcription: https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Notitia_dignitatum/Notitia_dignitatum_partibus_orientis_-_XXI_XLV
- Dux Arabiae cross-check: https://www.intratext.com/IXT/LAT0212/_P22.HTM

Important warning: DARE place matches were accepted only when they fit the expected province/region. Ambiguous station names may be displayed as generated low-confidence estimates. Notitia records are dated/displayed only as late-antique material, roughly AD 395-420.

## Manual Schematic Geometry

- Contribution: proof-of-concept province display hulls for province-level evidence.
- File: `data/provinces.geojson`

Important warning: this geometry is not a source for Roman provincial boundaries. It supports broad display and generated marker estimation only; it is not evidence for exact unit stations.

## Future Online Source Research Registry

This section maps online resources that should be useful when the project moves into the SQLite/DB curation phase and begins systematic unit-by-unit review. These sources are not all used in the current public build. Treat them as candidate research endpoints.

Machine-readable companion files:

```text
data/source_research_targets.json
database/source_catalog, source_catalog_source_links, source_catalog_target_links
```

### Rules For Future Source Interrogation

- Do not auto-update dispositions from search hits.
- Do not treat a gazetteer coordinate as military deployment evidence.
- Create a review claim first, then a source document/evidence item, then link or revise a disposition.
- Preserve current dispositions while adding better evidence; do not mass-downgrade existing estimated markers unless review proves they are wrong.
- Classify the evidence signal before changing map geometry: exact site, province, region, campaign, uncertain, possible, probable, contested.
- Keep source text copyright-safe: store references, IDs, links, short paraphrased notes, and page/inscription/document references, not copied book chapters or long excerpts.
- Record access date, query used, and whether the result came from an API, bulk file, site search, or general web search.
- Prefer stable document identifiers such as CIL/RIB/AE/RMD/EDH/EDCS/EDR/HEpOl/TM/Pleiades/DARE IDs over raw URLs.
- Use broad web search only as discovery. It may point to a source but should never be the source itself unless the linked page is a stable scholarly or institutional publication.

### Recommended DB-Era Source Flow

1. Start from a canonical unit and all known aliases.
2. Generate normalized Latin, expanded, abbreviated, and numbered variants.
3. Query high-authority corpora first.
4. Store every promising hit as a review candidate.
5. De-duplicate by document identifier, place identifier, unit alias, and date.
6. Normalize place through DARE/Pleiades/Trismegistos/manual IDs.
7. Decide whether the claim supports exact-site, provincial, regional, campaign, or uncertain display.
8. Only then create or update evidence/disposition rows.

### High-Priority Gazetteers And Place Normalization

- Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire: DARE remains the preferred historical basemap and ancient-place anchor. Its GeoJSON API can return ancient places by bounding box, point, DARE ID, or Pleiades ID, and its terms require DARE attribution and CC BY-SA 3.0 compatibility: https://imperium.ahlfeldt.se/print.php?doc=info_api
- Pleiades: use as the main scholarly place crosswalk when DARE is absent or ambiguous. Pleiades provides quarterly releases and current JSON/CSV/KML/RDF exports; the JSON dump is the most complete published place export: https://pleiades.stoa.org/downloads
- Trismegistos Places: use especially for Egypt, papyri, Near Eastern place problems, and TM Geo identifiers: https://www.trismegistos.org/geo/about.php
- iDAI.gazetteer: useful as an additional ancient-place and archaeology authority, especially when DARE/Pleiades are thin: https://gazetteer.dainst.org/
- ToposText: useful for literary place references and cross-links to Pleiades, Wikidata, texts, and ancient citations, especially in the Greek East: https://topostext.org/

Warning: place databases help normalize where a record may belong; they do not prove that a military unit was stationed there.

### High-Priority Epigraphy

- Roman Inscriptions of Britain Online: primary linked editions for Britannia, including RIB, Vindolanda Tablets, Bloomberg Tablets, Bath Tablets, site indexes, search by number, and advanced search: https://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org/about/about-rib-online
- Epigraphic Database Heidelberg / EDH: Latin and bilingual Roman inscriptions with text, photo, bibliography, geography datasets and reusable data under CC BY-SA 4.0 through Heidelberg/Propylaeum. The live EDH data endpoint may be bot-protected, so scripts should use documented downloads/APIs where possible and fall back to manual inspection when blocked: https://www.propylaeum.de/en/searching/epigraphic-database-of-roman-inscriptions-edh
- Epigraphic Database Clauss-Slaby / EDCS: excellent broad discovery engine for Roman inscriptions, now maintained through Zurich. EDCS explicitly describes itself as a search engine rather than a critical edition, so use it to discover inscription references and then verify against cited editions: https://edcs.hist.uzh.ch/
- Epigraphic Database Roma / EDR: high-priority for Italian and Roman epigraphy; useful for exact-site and documentary references where available: https://www.edr-edr.it/
- Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum / CIL and Archivum Corporis Electronicum / ACE: definitive Latin inscription corpus and archive materials. Use for reference normalization, documentary authority, and archival images/cards where accessible: https://cil.bbaw.de/ and https://www.bbaw.de/en/research/corpus-inscriptionum-latinarum
- Hispania Epigraphica Online / HEpOl: high-priority for Iberian inscriptions. Use the current University of Alcala endpoint, not old `eda-bea.es` links, which should be treated as stale/unsafe unless independently verified: https://hepol.uah.es/
- Ubi Erat Lupa: useful for inscriptions, monuments, images, and object context, especially as a cross-check and discovery layer: https://lupa.at/
- PETRAE: useful epigraphic database for selected corpora and regions; treat as a discovery/edition endpoint depending on record detail: https://petrae.huma-num.fr/
- PHI Greek Inscriptions: useful for Greek epigraphy and military terms in the Greek-speaking provinces; verify exact deployment implications carefully: https://epigraphy.packhum.org/
- EAGLE Portal collection pages: useful as a registry/crosswalk for epigraphic databases, not as a final evidence source unless the underlying inscription record is consulted: https://www.eagle-network.eu/eagle-project/collections/hispania-epigraphica-online/

### Papyrology And Documentary Texts

- papyri.info: high-priority for papyri, ostraca, and documentary texts, including military papyri where unit/place/date signals are explicit: https://papyri.info/
- Trismegistos Texts and Places: use TM IDs as stable cross-document/place identifiers and to connect papyri, inscriptions, places, and bibliography: https://www.trismegistos.org/dataservices/
- Perseus and Scaife Viewer: useful for literary texts and translations, especially when a source gives a specific ancient author/passage. Literary references should be modeled as literary evidence and usually do not imply exact garrison placement without corroboration: https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/

### Notitia Dignitatum Witnesses

- Michael Maier's Notitia Dignitatum materials: highest-priority online Notitia research aid already used in the project for lists, indices, and station spellings: https://www.notitiadignitatum.org/
- IntraText Notitia Dignitatum: useful searchable Latin witness and command-list cross-check: https://www.intratext.com/IXT/LAT0212/
- Latin Wikisource Notitia Dignitatum: useful public text witness for navigation and comparison, not a standalone critical edition: https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Notitia_dignitatum
- The Latin Library Notitia Dignitatum: useful additional text witness when comparing spellings and list order: https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/notitia.html

Notitia warning: all Notitia-derived records must remain late-antique and must not be projected backward into the Principate or High Empire.

### Archaeology, Forts, GIS, And Object Catalogues

- WallGIS / Archaeology Data Service: high-priority for Hadrian's Wall forts, milecastles, turrets, uncertainty areas, GIS data, dates, and bibliographic references. Useful for site geometry and frontier context; not itself proof of a named unit unless a record explicitly contains that unit signal: https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/collections/view/1004975/overview.cfm
- WallGIS data paper: explains the data model, fields, uncertainty handling, and reuse potential for Hadrian's Wall GIS data: https://intarch.ac.uk/journal/issue67/24/full-text.html
- ARIADNE Portal: archaeological dataset discovery layer; use to find institutional datasets, then cite the underlying dataset or publication: https://ariadne-infrastructure.eu/portal/
- Open Context: archaeological research data publisher; useful for site datasets and material context where Roman military contexts exist: https://opencontext.org/
- iDAI.objects / Arachne: useful for archaeological objects, monuments, photographs, and institutional object records: https://arachne.dainst.org/
- British Museum Collection Online: useful for military diplomas, inscriptions, objects, and object provenance where museum records are stable and specific: https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search
- Portable Antiquities Scheme database: useful for object findspots in Britain, but object findspots rarely prove unit disposition by themselves and should be treated as contextual only unless linked to explicit inscriptions/documents: https://finds.org.uk/database
- Vici.org: useful archaeological atlas and cross-check for site identity. It can support place review and local orientation but must not be used alone as proof of a named unit's disposition: https://vici.org/about-vici.php?lang=en

### Scholarly Synthesis And Discovery Sources

- Livius legion pages: useful public synthesis and browsing entry point for legions and some events; good for discovery and context, but dispositions should be checked against primary/corpus evidence before changing atlas records: https://www.livius.org/articles/legion/
- Livius auxiliaries overview: useful for broad auxiliary terminology and orientation, not a full auxiliary disposition authority: https://www.livius.org/articles/legion/auxiliaries/
- Britannica, World History Encyclopedia, and similar public summaries: acceptable for general explanatory text and event links, not for exact dispositions unless they cite a stronger source that is then inspected.
- Wikipedia and Wikidata: discovery/crosswalk only. They can expose alternate names, coordinates, and bibliography, but atlas evidence must cite stronger sources.

### Future Automation Notes

The future unit-review script should run in a review-first mode:

```text
unit -> aliases -> source target queries -> candidate hits -> normalized claims -> human review -> evidence item -> disposition update/export
```

It should produce a batch report before modifying data:

```text
unit_id
canonical_name
alias_used
source_key
query
hit_title
hit_url_or_identifier
document_ref
place_signal
date_signal
evidence_kind
candidate_location_mode
candidate_confidence
recommended_action
review_note
```

Only records with explicit user approval or a later well-defined review rule should change public atlas data.